Nanobodies were discovered in ’89 at the Free University of Brussels (VUB). A llama receives an antigen, and after 6-12 weeks the llama produces the nanobodies which can then be adapted for targets in other mammals.

In 2018, the first Nanobody®, Cablivi (caplacizumab), a single-domain antibody (sdAb) drug was developed by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi for the treatment of humans with acquired thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). It is estimated that veterinary nanobodies will be introduced to the market by 2029. The correct answer is C, the lama.

• For more information: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10844482/